Solved bca assignment

There are three methods available to open a new blank document in MS-Word.

All the three methods are easy to open a blank document but the third one is more easy.

These three methods are as follow:

1.            Use of New Blank Document button on standard tool bar:

Click the New button that is there on the Standard Tool Bar and we will get the new blank document. 

 

Operating System is system software. This is software acts as an interface between the user and the computer. It also controls and coordinates different operations of computer. These operating systems are categorized of basis of users and their tasks.

Single user:

a) Single user, Single Task: As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system. When you are using MS-DOS it is a single user single task operating system.

A)        1001*1010 = 1011010

                        Multiplication            1001

                                                      X   1010

                                                           

                                                            0000

                                                           1001   

                                                        0000                  

                                                      1001      

                                                      1011010

            B)        1.01*10.1=11.001

Multiplication                                    1.01

                                                      X   10.1

                                                                                   

                                                            101

                                                       100

                                                        101

                                                        11.001   

i) 1001 =  9

            Conversion from Binary to Decimal:

            1 x 2³+0 x 2²+0 x 2¹+1 x 2⁰

            1 x 2 x 2 x 2+0 x 2 x 2 + 0 x 2 + 1x 1

            8+0+0+1=9               

           

ii) 1100.01 = 12.25

Conversion from Binary to Decimal of 1100

            1 x 2³+1 x 2² + 0 x 2¹ + 0 x 2⁰

            1 x 2 x 2 x 2+ 1 x 2 x 2 + 0 x 2 + 0 x 1

            8+4+0=12

Conversion from Binary to Decimal of .01

            0 x 2^-1 + 1 x 2^-2         

            0 x 0 + 1 x 0.25

            0 + 0.25=0.25           

(i) 5¾ =101.11

                        5 / 2 = 2 + remainder of 1

                        2 / 2 = 1 + remainder of 0

                        1 / 2 = 0 + remainder of 1

            Binary presentation of 5 (read from down to up) = 101

                        ¾ = 0.75 (Decimal representation)

                        0.75 -1 x 2-1 = 0.75 – 0.5=0.25

                        0.25 – 1x 2-2 = 0.25 – 0.25 = 0

            Binary presentation of ¾  = 0.11

            Binary presentation of 5¾  (or 5.75)=101.11

Organization of a Computer

A computer is a fast and accurate device, which can accept data, store data, process them and give, desired results as output. The computer is organized into four units as shown in the following diagram.

    

Input Unit:

Function in C to implement string length:

/*function to find the string length*/         

int mystrlen(char str[]) /* int type function, it will accept an array of characters and return total number of characters */

An array is a single, preallocated chunk of contiguous elements (all of the same type), fixed in size and location. A pointer is a reference to any data element (of a particular type) anywhere. A pointer must be assigned to point to space allocated elsewhere, but it can be reassigned (and the space, if derived from malloc, can be resized) at any time. A pointer can point to an array, and can simulate (along with malloc) a dynamically allocated array, but a pointer is a much more general data structure

Definition of Function:

A function is a routine or a set of instruction or code that performs a specific task and can be processed independently.

When the program passes control to a function the function perform that task and returns control to the instruction following the calling instruction. The most important reason to use the function is make program handling easier  as only a small part of the program is dealt with at a time.

A function is a “black box” that we’ve locked part of our program into. The idea behind a function is that it compartmentalizes part of the program, and in particular, that the code within the function has some useful properties.

Looping:

 The loop or iteration construct, directs a program perform a set of operation again and again until a specified condition is achieved.

This condition causes the termination of the loop.

C contains three statements for looping:

Ø    While Loop:  While loop construct contains the condition first. If the condition is satisfied the control executes the statement following the while loop exile, it ignores these statements.

C support many input and output statements. It also supports formatted input and output.

Basic Character Input & Output:

getchar() function: It reads one character from the standard input. If there is no more characters available, the special value EOF will be return.

Example:       char c;

                        ….      

                        c=getchar();

putchar() function: It writes one character to the standard output (Monitor).

Example:       char c;

                        c=”A”;

                        putchar(c);

C supports a rich set of operators. They are classified into following categories:

1.            Arithmetic operators

2.            Relational operators

3.            Logical operators

4.            Assignment operators

5.            Increment and decrement operators

6.            Conditional operators

7.            Bitwise operators

8.            Special operators(Comma ‘,’ and sizeof() operator)

C language has a rich set of data types. Storage representations and machine instruction to handle constants differ from machine to machine. The variety of data types available allow the programmer to select the type appropriate to the needs of the application as well as the machine.

C supports three classes of data types:

1.  Primary or Fundamental data types: This includes char, int, float, and void data types.

2.  Derived data types: This includes pointer and array.

3.  User-defined data types: This includes structure and unions.

There are 6 digit and we require 3 digit number.

This means we have to fill up 3 places ( units, tenths, and hundredths ) by using  6 digits. Units place can be filled up in 6 ways as we can put any one of the six digit. After this 5 digits are left behind and 10^th place can be filled up in 5 ways and similarly 100^th place can be filled up in 4 ways.

                                                              100          10               1         

            

                                                                4            5               6         

Therefore the number of ways of filling up the 3 places = 6 x 5 x 4 = 120

We can just write that no. of ways of filling up 3 places using 6 digits is