Solved bca assignment

/*Program of singly linked list*/

#include<stdio.h>

#include<malloc.h>

struct node /*linked list’s node structure*/

{

     int info; /*for data*/

     struct node *link; /*self referenced pointer*/

}*start;

/*function for insertion at the front end*/

insert_front(int data)

{

a) insertion at the rear end on a double ended queue

/*function to insert an item at the rear end on a double ended queue*/

void insert_rear(int item, int q[], int *r)

{

     if (qfull(*r))/*check if queue is full*/

     {

          printf(“Queue Overflow\n”);

     }

     /*queue is not full*/

     q[++(*r)]= item;

}

Program that performs all stack operation using array of integers.

/*Program of stack using array*/

#include<stdio.h>

#define MAX 5

int top=1;

int stack_arr[MAX];

main()

Function to arrange numbers in ascending order using bubble sort technique.

#include<stdio.h>

#define MAX 10

/*function for sorting using bubble sort*/

void bubble_sort(int a[];int n)

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

/*function declaration*/

largest_and_second_largest(int list[],int &largest,int &slargest);

smallest_and_second_smallest(int list[],int &smallest,int &ssmallest);

main()

Function in C++ to find the string length:

/*function to find the string length*/

int mystrlen(char str[]) /* int type function, it will accept an array of characters and return total number of characters */

/*Program to print the contents of a double dimensional array in matrix format.*/

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

{

          int a[10][10]; /*two dimensional array for matrix representation*/

          int i,j;

          int row,col;

          cout<<”Enter row and column of a matrix (up to 10): “;

          cin<<row<<col;

cout<<”Enter the elements for the”<<row<< “X”<<col<<” matrix : ” <<endl;

/*store elements in two dimensional array*/

/*Program to print the month of a year*/

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

{

          int month;

          char monthName[15];

cout<<”Enter month number : “<<endl;

cin>>month;

switch (month)

{

There are tow types of if….else statements in C++ which are explained below.

Simple if….else statement

Syntax: if(expression or condition)

          { statement 1;

             statement 2;

          }

          else

          { statement 3;

             statement 4;

          }

A major factor in the invention of Object-Oriented approach is to remove some of the flaws encountered with the procedural approach. In OOP, data is treated as a critical element and does not allow it to flow freely. It bounds data closely to the functions that operate on it and protects it from accidental modification from outside functions. OOP allows decomposition of a problem into a number of entities called objects and then builds data and functions around these objects. A major advantage of OOP is code reusability.

Objects

a) Difference between Latch and flip flop

Latches are Level Sensitive, while Flip-Flops are Edge  Sensitive.
A positive level latch is transparent to the positive level(enable), and it lathes the final input before it is changing its level(i.e. before enable goes to '0' or before the clock goes to -ve level.
A positive edge flop will have its output effective when the clock input changes from '0' to '1' state ('1' to '0' for negedge flop) only.
For posedge flop check out the Morris mano book (digital design), in that he gave how the flop behaves with respect to an edge. (Explained with Gate level logic diagram). This will gives you a clear picture of Flop.

a) Difference between Latch and flip flop

Latches are Level Sensitive, while Flip-Flops are Edge  Sensitive.
A positive level latch is transparent to the positive level(enable), and it lathes the final input before it is changing its level(i.e. before enable goes to '0' or before the clock goes to -ve level.
A positive edge flop will have its output effective when the clock input changes from '0' to '1' state ('1' to '0' for negedge flop) only.

Disadvantage of single slope integrator ADC:

In single-slope integrating ADC on op-amp based circuit, called an integrator to generate a saw tooth wave form is used, instead of the use of  a DAC with a ramped output.

The disadvantage of a single slope integrator ADC is the calibration trift dilemma and the solution to this problem is found in a design variation called the dual-slope converter. In the dual-slope converter, an integrator circuit is driven positive and negative in alternating cycles to ramp down and then up, rather than being reset to 0 volts at the end of every cycle.

a)         Using 1’s Complement method (because subtrahend is larger)

                                                                      

                                                           

           

b)         Using 1’s Complement method (because subtrahend is larger)

                                                                      

          

c)         Using 1’s Complement method (because subtrahend is larger)

d)         Simple method (because subtrahend is smaller)

e)         Using 1’s Complement method (because subtrahend is larger)

A)   Cell and Cell Address

Ø    Cell: In Excel the intersection of a column and a row is called as a cell . Each cell has a name or cell address. A cell is basic block of MS Excel. It hold data and formulas in tabular format. In a worksheet there has 65536 row and 256 columns.

The total cells in a worksheet are 256*65536 =16777216